UPDATE: Comparative Civil Procedure: A Guide to Primary and Secondary Sources
By Radu D. Popa & Mirela Roznovschi
A Guide to worldwide Primary and Secondary Sources by Radu D. Popa, Assistant Dean & Director of the NYU Law Library, Lecturer in Law, with the assistance of Mirela Roznovschi, Reference Librarian for International and Foreign Law.
Published January 2013
(Previously
updated on January 2011)
See the Archive Version!
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. General and Multinational Sources
3. National Codes, Statutes and Commentaries
3.1. Argentina; 3.2. Australia; 3.3. Austria; 3.4. Belgium; 3.5. Brazil; 3.6. Canada; 3.7. Central and Eastern Europe; 3.8. CHILE; 3.9. Czech Republic; 3.10. Denmark; 3.11. ECUADOR; 3.12. El Salvador; 3.13. European Union; 3.14. France; 3.15. Germany; 3.16. Great Britain; 3.17. Hong Kong; 3.18. India; 3.19. Israel; 3.20. Italy; 3.21. Japan; 3.22. Korea (South); 3.23. Mexico; 3.24. The Netherlands; 3.25. New Zealand; 3.26. People’s Republic of China; 3.27. Peru 3.28. Romania; 3.29. Russia; 3.30. South Africa; 3.31. Spain; 3.32. Sweden; 3.33. Switzerland; 3.34. Uruguay
4. Internet Databases: Civil Codes, Civil Procedure & Jurisprudence
4.1. General Databases; 4.2. Argentina; 4.3. Australia; 4.4. Austria; 4.5. Belgium; 4.6. Brazil; 4.7. Canada; 4.8. Central and Eastern Europe; 4.9. Chile; 4.10. Czech Republic; 4.11. Denmark
4.12. Ecuador; 4.13. El Salvador; 4.14. European Union; 4.15. France; 4.16. Germany; 4.17. Great Britain; 4.18. Hong Kong; 4.19. India; 4.20. Israel; 4.21. Italy; 4.22. Japan; 4.23. Korea (South); 4.24. Mexico; 4.25. The Netherlands; 4.26. New Zealand; 4.27. People’s Republic of China; 4.28. Peru; 4.29. Romania; 4.30. Russia and Former Soviet Republics; 4.31. South Africa; 4.32. Spain; 4.33. Sweden; 4.34. Switzerland; 4.35. Uruguay
The
comparison of legal systems has for a long time been an essential branch of legal
research and jurisprudence. It has become even more important and relevant in
our era of globalization, an era in which there is no field of law that can
base its knowledge exclusively on national ideas and rules of procedure. Peter
Gottwald sees the comparison of legal systems leading “not only to a better
knowledge of foreign law but also corresponding to the internationalization of
law and jurisprudence, and the globalization of politics, of trade, commerce
and private life style.” (Comparative Civil Procedure. 22 Ritsumeikan Law
Review, 23 (2005).
The first
part of this guide lists: general works of comparative civil procedure; basic
books about the civil and common-law systems; and encyclopedias and treatises
covering several jurisdictions. The remainder of the guide is arranged by
country. Depending upon the country, the sources listed may be in English or in
the vernacular (or both in some cases). Under “Primary Sources” are listed
codes of civil procedure and civil procedure statutes and, for civil law
jurisdictions, basic treatises and commentaries. Under “Secondary Sources” are
listed monographs, treatises and commentaries (for common law jurisdictions),
which may also contain the text of civil procedure code sections and statutes.
The section on “Secondary Sources” also contains collected jurisprudence, as
well as a few journals. In order to locate titles in particular libraries, it
is advisable to search online library catalogs or, for an overall search, the WorldCat. WESTLAW and LEXIS-NEXIS are also recommended. Please refer to
the online directories for each service to determine the exact dates covered by
these databases. For WESTLAW, the database identifier is always given. For
LEXIS-NEXIS, the Library name is given, followed by the File Name, as in this
example: INTLAW--AUSLAW. (For LEXIS-NEXIS, where multiple Libraries--Files are
given, they all contain the same database.)
There are
also files maintained by Mirela Roznovschi. These files provide links to Civil Codes, Civil Procedure and
Jurisprudence.
The outline of this site is attached at the end of the guide. In addition,
whenever a paper source has an electronic equivalent, the hot link has been
added for instant access. Codes, commentaries, and basic treatises for jurisdictions
using languages other than English are cited most of the time in the vernacular
language of the country. News reports are an excellent source of information
about recent developments in the law of other countries. Although they do not
generally contain the text of a new law, they may note the circumstances of its
adoption, summarize it, and provide a citation to a source leading to the full
text.
To locate news reports and other current information, consult:
- WESTLAW. To find the database identifiers for news wires from around the world, follow this path in the WESTLAW Main Directory: --Newspapers, Magazines, and News Services --News wires and News Services –International and Foreign News Services.
- LEXIS-NEXIS. Choose an appropriate file from the NEWS or WORLD library.
- To find
citations to articles in law journals/reviews, consult especially these
two databases: Index to Legal Periodicals and Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals.
2. General and Multinational Sources
ALI/UNIDROIT Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure as adopted and promulgated by ALI and by UNIDROIT. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Abraham,
Henry Julian. The Judicial Process: An Introductory Analysis of the Courts of
the United States, England, and France. 7th edition. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1998. Still a very useful introductory comparative companion.
Abuse of procedural rights: comparative standards of procedural fairness, 27-30 October 1998, Tulane Law School, New Orleans, Louisiana. Edited by Michele Taruffo. Boston: Kluwer International, 1999.
Andenaes,
Mads Tonnesson. The Future of Transnational Civil Litigation: English Responses
to the ALI/UNIDROIT Draft Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil
Procedure. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law,
2004. The book expands upon papers given at a colloquium organized in London by
the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. Interesting pro and
cons about the perspective of a unified transnational civil procedure.
Bell, Andrew S. Forum shopping and venue in transnational litigation. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Deals with forum shopping and conflict of laws.
Born,
Gary. International Civil Litigation in United States Courts. 4th edition.
Austin:Wolters Kluwer Law and Business, 2007. Touches on civil procedure and
jurisdictional matters.
The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law. Ed. by Mauro Bussani and Ugo Mattei. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Care,
Jennifer Corrin. Civil procedure of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji: JALS, 1998.
Covers civil procedure in Oceania.
Carpi, Federico and M. A. Lupoi. Essays on Transnational and Comparative Civil Procedure. Torino: Giappichelli, 2001.
Cappelletti,
M. The Judicial Process in Comparative Perspective. Oxford; New York: Clarendon
Press, 1989. A classic in the field.
Chase, Oscar and Janet Walker, editors. Common Law, Civil Law and the Future of Categories. Mankham, Ont.: LexisNexis, 2010. Proceedings of a conference of the International Association of Procedural Law held in Toronto, June 3-5, 2009.
Civil
Justice in crisis: comparative perspectives of civil procedure. Ed. by A. S.
Zuckermann. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Civil procedure
and conflicts in transnational perspective.
Civil Litigation in a Globalising World. Ed. by X. E. Kramer and C. H. van Rhee. Berlin: Springer, 2012.
Civil Litigation in Comparative Context. Edited by Oscar Chase, Helen Hershkoff, Linda Silberman, Yasuhei Taniguchi, Vincenzo Varano, Adrian A. S. Zuckerman. St. Paul: Thomson/West, 2007. Law professors from four different nations (i.e. England, Italy, Japan, and the United States), collaborated on this book, which explains, explores, and evaluates major civil litigation systems in the contemporary world. Surprisingly enough, the differences among the civil procedure regimes around the world are often greater than those of substantive law. This is probably the most comprehensive and up-to-date scholarly work in the field, covering comparative structure of the legal profession, organization of the courts, rules of evidence as well as torts, remedies, enforcement of judgments and transnational litigation. It provides a very original and meaningful approach of the harmonization of civil procedures prospects and perils.
Civil
Procedure. M. Cappelletti, ed. Tubingen: Mohr; New York: Oceana, 1973-.
International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, vol. XVI.
Consolo, Claudio. Nuovi Problemi di Diritto Processuale Civile Internazionale. Milano: Giuffre, 2002. Broad perspective on the conflicts of law in the Italian civil procedure, together with general considerations about the civil procedure in international law.
Corneloup, Sabine. La publicite des situations juridiques: une approche franco-allemande du droit interne et du droit international prive. Paris: L.D.G.J.: 2003. Doctoral thesis.
Cost and Fee Allocation in Civil Procedure: a Comparative Study. Ed. by Mathias Reimann. New York: Springer, 2012.
Cumming, George, Dr. Civil Procedure Used for Enforcement of EC competition law by the English, French and German Civil Courts. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2007.
Current Topics of International Litigation. Ed. by Rolf Sturner and Masanori Kawano. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009.
Damaska, Mirjan. The Faces of Justice and State Authority: A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
Damaska,
Mirjan. Evidence Law Adrift. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Legal
culture and institutions in Anglo-American countries.
De Vries,
H. and Schneider, G. Civil Law and the Anglo-American Lawyer: A
Case-Illustrated Introduction to Civil Law Institutions and Method. Dobbs
Ferry: Oceana, 1975.
Elias, T. O. Judicial Process in the New Commonwealth. Lagos: University of Lagos Press, 1990. One of the few books dedicated to the reception of common law in Asia and Africa, the judicial process in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean Area.
Elizondo Gasparin, Macarita. Relaciones entre la partes, los jueces y los abogados. Paz: Litografica Puan, 2004. XIII Congreso Mundial de Derecho Procesal.
Encyclopedia
of International Commercial Litigation. London; Boston: Graham & Trotman; Norwell, MA: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1991-. Loose-leaf. Broad coverage of the commercial world,
including Japan, but not Australia, South Africa, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and
Singapore because of the similarity of their judicial systems and procedures to
those of England and Wales.
Epstein,
D. and Snyder, J. International Litigation: A Guide to Jurisdiction, Practice
and Strategy. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Law & Business,
1994-. Loose-leaf.
Updated service, especially useful for practitioners.
Epstein, David and Charles S. Baldwin, IV. International Litigation: A Guide to Jurisdiction, Practice and Strategy. Leiden; Boston: Martbus Nijhoff, 2010. 4th edition.
Essays on
transnational and comparative civil procedure = Scritti sul diritto processuale
civile transnazionale e comparato. Ed. by Federico Carpi and M.
A. Lupoi. Torino: Giappichelli, 2001. In English and Italian.
European Private Law beyond the Common Frame of Reference: Essays in Honour of Reinhard Zimmermann. Ed. by Antoni Vaquare y Alloy. Groningen: Europa Law Publishers, 2008. High class Festshfricht.
Fairchild,
E. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993. Focuses
upon criminal law; but Chapter 2, Families of Law, introduces civil law, common
law, socialist law, and Islamic law; and Chapter 9, Courts and Trials contains
some information about civil courts.
Foreign Courts: Civil Litigation in Foreign Legal Cultures. Ed. by Volkmar Gessner. Brookfield: Darmouth, 1996. Valuable American, German, and Italian perspectives on cross-border litigation.
The Foundation of European Private Law. Ed. by Roger Brownsword et al. Oxford; Portland: Hart Publishing, 2011.
Geerome, Sofie. Foreign Law in Civil Litigation: A Comparative and Functional Analysis. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Gessner,
Volkmar. Foreign Courts: Civil litigation in Foreign Legal Cultures. Aldershot,
England: Darmouth, 1996. Very fine comparative essays covering New York, Italy
and Germany.
Geeroms, Sofie. Foreign law in civil litigation: a comparative and functional analysis. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Very fine doctoral thesis.
General Reports of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law. Karen B. Brown, David V. Snyder, editors. Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2012. In English and French.
Glendon, M. and Gordon, M. Comparative Legal Traditions: Text, Materials, and Cases on the Civil Law, Common Law, and Socialist Law Traditions with Special Reference to French, West German, English, and Soviet Law. 3d edition. St. Paul: West 2007. Very useful work, thoroughly updated.
Global Wrongs and Private Law Remedies and Procedures. Ed. by Stathis Banakas. London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill, 2011.
Globalization and Private Law: the Way Forward. Ed. by Michael Faure and A. van der Walt. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010. Civil procedure in a globalizing world.
Gottwald, Peter, Editor. Litigation in England and Germany. Bielefeld: Gieseking Verlag, 2010.
Graveson,
R. One Law: On Jurisprudence and the Unification of Law: Selected Essays,
Volume II. Amsterdam; New York; Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1977. A
classic work.
Hein, Jan von. Europäisches Zivilprozessrecht: Kommentar zu EuGVO, Lugano-Ubereinkommen 2007, EuVTVO, EuMVVO und EuGFVO. Frankfurt am Main: Verlad Recht und Wirtschaft, 2011.
In Honorem Mauro Cappelletti (1927-2004): tribute to an international procedural lawyer. The Hague: Kluwer International, 2005. A festschrift honoring one of the most important scholars in the field. Six eminent scholars (MarcelStorme, NicoloThocker, Federico Campi, Sir Jack Jacob, Lawrence M. Friedman, and John Henry Merryman) focus on Cappelletti's personality and analyse the significance of his scientific work. An unpublished lecture by Mauro Cappelletti and a selected bibliography close this book.
International civil procedure. Shelby R. Grubbs and P. M. North, Editors. The Hague: Kluwer International, 2003.
International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law. Vo. 16: Civil Procedure. Ed. By Mauro Cappelletti. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1973-. This is a monumental work and a must in any comparative approach.
International
Judicial Assistance in Civil Matters. Ed. by Dennis Campbell. Ardsley, N.Y.:
Transnational Publishers, 1999. Civil procedure and conflicts in international
law. Country by country approach.
Jacob, Herbert et al. Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
Kern, Cristoph. Justice between simplification and formalism. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007. In depth analysis and critique of the World Bank sponsored project “Lex Mundi” on efficiency of Civil Procedure.
Kodilinye, Gilbert. Commonwealth Caribbean Civil Procedure. 3d edition. London; New York: Routledge-Cavendish, 2009.
Koh, Harold Hongju. Transnational litigation in United States courts. New York: Foundation Press, 2008. Series of fine lectures first presented at the private international law section of the Hague Academy of International Law.
Kreindler,
Richard H. Transnational Litigation: a Basic Primer. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana
Publications, 1998. Deals mainly with conflicts and civil procedure in
international law.
Kropholler,
J. Europaisches Zivilprozessrecht: Kommentar zum EuGVU und Lugano-Ubereinkomen.
Schriftenreihe Recht der internationalen Wirtschaft, bd. 22. Heidelberg:
Verlagsgesellschaft Recht und Wirtschaft, 2002. Discusses Germany and the
European Community. This 6th edition incorporates all the developments after
the Lugano Convention.
Lasser, Michel de S. O l’E. Judicial Deliberations. A Comparative Analysis of Transparency and Legitimacy. London; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Comparison between the ECJ, the French Court de Cassation and the U. S. Supreme Court.
Law and Judicial Systems of Nations. 4th revised edition. C. Rhyne, ed. Washington, D.C.: World Peace through Law Center, 2002. Covers more than 100 nations in a handy, compact format.
Law and Legal Culture in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Gunther Doeker-Mach and Klaus A. Ziegert. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2004, Brilliant collected work.
Law and Reality: Essays on National and International Procedural Law in Honour of Cornelis Carel Albert Voskuil. Dordrecht; Boston: M. Nijhoff, 1992. Comprehensive festschrift featuring essays by great authors in the field.
Lawson, F. A Common Lawyer Looks at the Civil Law. The Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Fifth Series. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Law School, 1953. A classic.
The Legal
Professions in the New Europe: A Handbook for Practitioners. A. Tyrrell and Z.
Yaqub, eds. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996. 2nd edition. An
introduction to the legal profession in the member states of the European Community
and to the relevant Community law. Also addresses U.S. lawyers in Europe.
Legal
Traditions and Systems: An International Handbook. A. Katz, Ed. New York:
Greenwood Press, 1986. Africa; Benelux Nations; Canada; Australia and New
Zealand; Eastern Europe; Federal Republic of Germany; France; India, Pakistan
and Bangladesh; Italy; Japan; Latin America; Middle East; People's Republic of
China; Scandinavia; Southeast Asia; Soviet Union; Spain; United Kingdom; United
States.
Lookofsky, Joseph M. Transnational litigation and commercial arbitration: an analysis of American, European, and international law. 3rd edition. Huntigton: Juris Publishing, 2011.
Lowenfeld, Andreas F. International litigation and arbitration: selected treaties, statutes and rules. 3d ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West Group, 2006. A classic coming from a great scholar in the field.
Lowenfeld, Andreas F. International Litigation and the Quest for reasonableness: essays in private international law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Main, Thomas. Global Issues in Civil Procedure. Minneapolis: West, 2006.
McCaffrey, Stephen C. Transnational litigation in comparative perspective: theory and application. New York, Oxford University Press, 2010.
McClurg, Andrew J et al. Practical Global Tort Litigation. Durham : Carolina Academic Press, 2007.
McLachlan, Campbell. Lis pendens in international litigation. Leiden; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009.
Merryman,
J.H. The Civil Law Tradition: An Introduction to the Legal
Systems of Western Europe and Latin America. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1985. A classic book.
Modern Legal Systems Cyclopaedia. K.R. Redden, ed. Buffalo: Hein, 1984-. Loose-leaf. Arranged by regions of the world, then country-by-country.
Murray, Peter L. and Rolf Sturner. The Civil Law Notary – Neutral Lawyer for the Situation. Munchen: C. H. Beck, 2010.
Platto, Charles, ed. Trial and Court Procedures Worldwide. London; Boston: Graham & Trotman, 1991. Covers briefly Asia and South Pacific, Europe, UK, North and South America.
Platto,
Charles, ed. Civil Appeal Procedures Worldwide. London; Boston: Graham &
Trotman, 1992. More than 25 jurisdictions are briefly covered.
Rayroux,
Francois. Amerikanisches Civil Jury Trial und Antitrust-, Products Liability -
und Derivative Suits: vergleichende Aspekte. Zurich: Schulthess, 1994.
Comparative approach involving civil procedure rules in American and Swiss law.
The Reception and Transmission of Civil Procedural Law in the Global Society: Legislative and Legal Education Assistance to Other Countries in Procedural Law. Ed. by Masahisa Deguchi and Marcel Storme. Antwerpen-Appledoorn: Maklu, 2008. Published under the authority of the International Association of Procedural Law (IALP).
Reinmann,
Mathias. The Reception of Continental Ideas in the Common Law World, 1820-1920.
Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1993. Excellent analysis of the intellectual
turmoil in the field, covering the most important century of the modern world.
A source not to be missed by any scholar.
Reforming
the Civil Justice System. Ed. by Larry Kramer. New York: New York University
Press, 1996. Collected papers presented as part of the Institute of Judicial
Administration’s Research Conference on Civil Justice Reform in the 90th, held
in New York, October 1993.
The Reforms of Civil Procedure in Comparative Perspective: An International Conference dedicated to Mauro Cappelletti, Florence, 12-13 December, 2003. Edited by Nicolo Trocker and Vincenzo Varano. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 2005.
Ruiter, D. W. P. Legal Institutions. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Press, 2001. Doctrinal, methodological, and philosophical approach.
Schlesinger’s Comparative Law. By Rudolf B. Schlesinger, Ugo Mattei, Teemu Ruskola, Antonio Gidi. 7th edition. St.Paul: Foundation Press, 2009.
Silva,
Jorge Alberto. Derecho internacional sobre el processo: processo civil y
commercial. Mexico: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Conflicts and civil procedure in transnational context.
Snijders,
H. And Boer, M. Access to Civil Procedure Abroad. Munchen: Beck; Boston: Kluwer
Law International, 1996. Emphasis on the European Union countries.
Stein, P.
Legal Institutions: The Development of Dispute Settlements. London: Butterworths, 1984.
Stein, P. I fondamenti del diritto europeo: profili sostanziali e processuali dell'evoluzione dei sistemi giuridici. A cura di Anna De Vita, Maria Donata Panforti e Vincenzo Varano. Milano: Giuffre, 1995. This is the Italian version of the previous entry, revised and updated.
Steinhardt,
Ralph G. International litigation: cases and materials on the rise of
intermestic law. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis, 2002. Very original, interesting
approach emphasizing the merger of international and domestic law
(intermestic).
Storme, Marcel and Burkhard Hess. Discretionary power of the judge: limits and control. The Hague: Kluwer, 2003.
Sturner, Rolf. Comparative Studies on Enforcement and Provisional Measures. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011.
Taruffo, Michele. Comparative Standards of Procedural Fairness. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
Toward Comparative Law in the 21st Century. Ed. By Nihon Hikakyho Kenkyujo. Tokyo: Chuo University Press, 1998. This is a very fine collection of essays and analytical essays compiled for the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Comparative Law in Japan. Contributions in English, French, German, and Japanese.
Transnational
Aspects of Civil Procedure. Texts in English, French, German, Italian, and
Spanish. World Law Conference. Law in Motion: Recent Developments in Civil
Procedure, Constitutional, Contract, Environmental, Family & Succession, Intellectual
Property, Labour, Medical, Social Security, Transport Law. The Hague;
Cambridge: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
Transnational Litigation: a Practitioner’s Guide. Ed. by Richard H. Kreindler. Loose-leaf. Dobbs Ferry: Oceana Publications, 1997-. Up-to-date practitioner’s guide covering transnational civil procedure.
Trends in
the Enforcement of Non-Money Judgments and Orders: The First International
Colloquium on the Law of Civil Procedure, June 1985, Faculty of Law, University
of Lund. Deventer, Netherlands; Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers,
1988.
UNIDROIT. Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Unity of
Civil Procedural Law and Its National Divergences. International Symposium of
Civil Procedural Law, 1993, Lubin, Poland. Lubin: Maria Curie-Sklodowska
University, 1994.
Uzelac A. and C.H. van Rhee, eds. Access to Justice and the Judiciary. Antwerp: Intersentia, 2009.
Varano, Vincenzo and Vittoria Barsotti. La tradizione juridica occidentale. Vol. I. Torino: Giappichelli, 2002.
Varano, Vincenzo, Editor. L’altra giustizia. Giuristi stranieri di oggi. Milano: Giuffre, 2007.
Varano,
Vincenzo. Comparative Law Course, Fall 1994: Cases and Materials. [S.l.]:
[S.n.], 1994. Collected materials for the class offered in the NYU School of
Law Global program.
Vareilles-Sommieres, Pascal de. Forum Shopping in the European Judicial Area. Oxford; Portland: Hart Publishers, 2007. Extremely important opinions about a new phenomenon within the rules of Civil Procedure in the European Union.
Verkerk, Remme. Fact-Finding in Civil Litigation. Antwerp: Intersentia, 2010.
Von Mehren, A.T. Law in the United States: A General and Comparative View. Deventer: Kluwer, 1988. A classic.
Von Mehren, A.T. The Civil Law System: Cases and Materials for the Comparative Study of Law. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1957. Another classic.
Von
Mehren, A.T. The Civil Law System: An Introduction to the Comparative Study of
Law. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1977.
Walter, Gerhard. International Litigation: Past Experiences and Future Perspectives. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2000. Civil procedure and unification of civil law in the European Union countries.
Weintraub, Russel J. International litigation and arbitration: practice and planning. 3rd ed. Durham, N.C.: Carolina academic Press, 2001. Cases and materials in the field of civil procedure, jurisdiction in international law, and arbitration.
Zimmerman, Reinhard and Mathias Reinman. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Quite unique encyclopedia of comparative law, with special emphasis on civil law and procedure, private law, and comparative legal cultures.
3. National Codes, Statutes and Commentaries
Civil Procedure
has traditionally been governed by lex fori (the law of the state where the proceedings
take place). Therefore, primary and secondary sources for this subject should
be researched by jurisdiction. The comparative dimension is implicit in this
approach. But there are also, especially lately, more and more explicit works
of comparative civil procedure. It is true that, for a long period of time, we
witnessed resistance against such works. Some scholars claimed that the
character of lex fori or lois politiques is not transferable from one country
to another. The attempt to use foreign procedural models would have been, then,
a misuse of comparative law. As Gottwald (loc. cit, p. 24) very well notices:
“If this opinion were true civil procedure would be the only branch of law not
open for comparative studies. Just the opposite is true. Since 1950 twelve
World Congresses of Procedural Law were organized dealing with nearly all
essential subjects and problems of procedural law”.
The best
source for a substantial outline of more than twenty jurisdictions is:
International Encyclopaedia of Laws. Civil Procedure. Ed. by Paul Lemmens. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation, 1994-. Loose-leaf. 4 volumes. So far, the following countries are covered: Australia, Austria, Canada, P.R. of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lithuania, Morocco, Peru, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay, U.S.A., and Venezuela. For each country, the authors use a slightly similar structure: delimitation of the subject mater, sources of civil procedure law, judicial organization, the legal profession, the courts, jurisdiction, proceedings, evidence, enforcement of judgments, and arbitration. For each monographic study, there is a bibliography and an index. See the online version of the IEL Civil Procedure. Updating is done when needed (i.e., when critical changes occur).
Another
valuable source, especially from the bibliographic viewpoint, is: Foreign
Law: current sources of codes and basic legislation in jurisdictions of the
world. Edited by Tom Reynolds and Arthuro Flores. Loose-leaf. Littleton,
Colo.: Rothman, 1989-. The service is updated when needed and covers the
following regions and jurisdictions: Andean Community, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands,
Canada, Caribbean, Cayman Island, Central America, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Latin America, Mexico,
Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Cristopher-Nevis (St.
Kitts), St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Trinidad and
Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, and Venezuela (in volume I).
Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, Channel Islands,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (in volumes II, II-A, and II-B). Algeria, Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo, People’s Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somali Republic, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (in volume III). Afghanistan,,
Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, China People’s Republic, Hong Kong,
India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Republic of (South
Korea), Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Taiwan, Thailand, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Vietnam (in volume
II-A). The service can be used for updating information, as there is also an online version. Civil
Procedure topics are covered for each country under the following headings:
Civil Procedure, Administration of Justice, Evidence, and Conflict of Laws. The
authors provide citation to codes, official gazettes, statutory instruments,
and regulatory material, in the vernacular and, when available, in English or
French translations.
Primary
Sources
Codigo de
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Mendez, Francisco. El sistema procesal espanol. 5a ed. Barcelona : Jose Maria
Bosch Editor, 2000.
Recursos y otros medios de impugnacion en la Ley de enjuiciamento civil. Barcelona: Bosch, 2009.
Reyes
Lopez, Javier. De la prueba, los recursos, las medidas cautelares y otras
disposiciones de la LEC 1/2000: esquemas.
Rives Seva, Jose Maria. El recurso de apelacion y la segunda instancia. Madrid: La Ley, 2011.
Rocha
Garcia, Ernesto. Los procedimientos especiales en la nueva Ley de enjuiciamiento
civil. Granada: Editorial Comares, 2001.
Toribios Fuentes, Fernando. Proceso civil practico. Valladolid: Lex Nova, 2012.
Primary Sources
Sveriges rikes lag. Imprint Stockholm: Norstedt, 1983-. Annual. Official source of law in Sweden.
Secondary Sources
An
Introduction to Swedish Law. 2d ed. Stockholm, Sweden: Norstedts, 1988. Chapter
4: Procedure.
Scholtz,
Tibor. Naturalexekution in skandinavischen Rechten. Berlin: Dunker &
Humblot, 1995.
Primary
Sources
Recueil
systématique du droit fédéral. Berne: Chancellerie fédérale suisse, 1974-. Looseleaf. Procédure civile, in vol. 02(3),
ch. 0.27. (German version also available)
Schupbach, Henri-Robert. Traité de procédure civile. Zurich: Schulthess, 1995-.
Valloni, Lucien William and Daniel Bloch. Swiss Civil Procedure Code (CPC). Zurich : Dike, 2010.
Secondary
Sources
Business Law Guide to Switzerland. Wiesbaden, Germany: CCH Europe, 1991.
English. Civil Litigation and Judicial Assistance in Civil Matters, p.541-.
Civil Procedure, p. 546-. Summarizes and cites relevant articles of the Code of
Procedure Civile.
Bronniman,
C. Jurgen. Die Behauptungs- und Substantierungslast in schweizerischen
Zivilprozessrecht. Bern: Stampfli & Cie., 1989.
Kofmel,
S. Das Recht auf Beweiss im Zivilverfahren. Bern: Stampfli, 1992.
Meier,
Isaak. Internationales Zivilprozessrecht: ein Studienbuch. Zurich: Schulthess
Verlag, 1994.
Vogel,
Oscar. Grundriss des Zivilprozessrecchts und des internazionalen
Zivilprozessrechts des Scweitz. Bern: Stampfli, 2001.
Primary Sources
Codigo general de proceso de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay y leges organicas: con concordancias y tabla de materias. Ed. Adolfo Gelsi Bidart et al. 12a edicion. Montevideo : Fundacion de Cultura Universitaria, 2010.
Codigo
general del proceso de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay: Ley 15,982 de
18-X-1998. 7th ed. Montevideo: Fundacion de Cultura Universitaria, 2000.
4. Internet Databases: Civil Codes, Civil Procedure & Jurisprudence
- Civil Codes; (vernacular)
- Comparative Law Project World Legal Systems at Ottawa University.
- Foreign Law Guide Current Sources of Codes and Basic Legislation in Jurisdictions of the World: By Thomas H. Reynolds and Arturo A. Flores. It contains information on nearly 200 jurisdictions from major nations to crown colonies, semi-independent states and supra-national regional organizations. The work is comprehensive in content and global in scope and contains exhaustive links. Fee-based. IP access.
- GlobaLex: Look under Foreign Law Research for country guides pointing to primary sources.
- International Civil Procedure. Yorkhill Law Publishing: Fee based. It is a two-volume set that provides a detailed analysis of civil procedures in 16 jurisdictions: Austria, Canada, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, the European Union, and the United States. Attention focuses on jurisdiction, ascertainment of applicable law, trial and post-trial motions, appeals, and conclusiveness of judgments. The publication is replaced by updated volumes annually.
- Institute of European and Comparative Law: See also the Oxford Comparative Law Forum (Promotes the study and discussion of legal issues from a comparative perspective.) The function of the Institute is to develop and further the work of the Oxford University Law Faculty in the fields of European and Comparative Law. This function is served by contributing in various ways to the research and teaching of the Law Faculty in these fields, and by providing a supporting structure of specialized staff and relevant activities.
- Kluwer Law International
IP access. IEL Civil Procedure. The Civil Procedure volumes of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws provide in-depth descriptions and analysis of numerous domestic systems, guiding lawyers of differing legal backgrounds through foreign proceedings. National monographs describe the main features of each country’s judicial organization, the rules governing the jurisdiction of the courts, the actual court proceedings, the rules of evidence, the principles governing preliminary seizure and the enforcement of judgments, and some elements of national arbitration. In addition, a forthcoming EU monograph analyses the Regulation 44/2001, as well as the Conventions of Lugano and San Sebastian. An international monograph will deal with international multilateral treaties. Each monograph follows a uniform structure and includes information on the political and legal system of the country and comprehensively analysis of relevant procedural law legislation and practice. A subject index at the end of each monograph provides a useful and timesaving reference aid; a detailed topical table of contents for each monograph facilitates country-to-country and subject-to-subject comparison. - Lexadin --The World Law Guide – Legislation
- The LIIs: Global (WorldLII)
- Asia (AsianLII)
- Commonwealth (CommonLII)
- Australasia (AustLII)
- Britian & Ireland (BAILII)
- Canada (CanLII)
- Cyprus (CYLAW)
- Droit Francophone
- Hong Kong (HKLII)
- The Legal Information Institute of India (LII of India)
- New Zealand (NZLII)
- Pacific Islands (PacLII)
- SAFLII (The Southern African Legal Information Institute)
- USA (Cornell LII)
- Zambia (ZamLII)
- Sub-Saharan African Governments Search Engine
- InfoJus. Formerly Sistema Argentino de Informatica Juridica (SAIJ): Full text of codes and laws. Vernacular. Free of charge.
- LexisNexis Argentina: A comprehensive database of laws, cases, articles in Spanish. Fee-based.
- LegisLaw: Laws, cases, and scholarly writings (doctrine). Constitución Nacional, Tratados Internacionales, Leyes Básicas, Administrativo, Civil, Comercial, Derechos Humanos, Penal, Procesal, Recursos, Naturales-Ambiental. See also Linea juridica, and GLIN index for Argentina.
- Poder Ejecutivo Nacional Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos
- The Digital Library contains codes, laws, and decrees. Also contains civil codes and codes of civil procedure of almost all Latin American countries.
- Sistema Argentino de Informatica Juridica (SAIJ): Full text of codes and laws. Vernacular. Free of charge.
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.
- Australasian Legal Information Institute. Law, legislation, and courts: Full-text primary and secondary legal resources.
- Lexis: INTLAW--AUSLAW. CODES--AUSACT. AUST--COMACT. Commonwealth Acts.
- ComLaw (Commonwealth Law) is an integral part of the Australian Law Online initiative and is maintained by the Australian Attorney-General's Department. Comlaw incorporates the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments (FRLI).
- Westlaw: All Cases, Commonwealth Acts & Legislation, Commonwealth Law Reports, Unreported Judgments, Cases, Legislation & Agreements, Administrative Materials, Journals & Periodicals, by practice area.
- Republic Oesterreich Bundeskanzleramt - Rechtsinformatiossystem – RIS: Republic of Austria - Office of the Federal Chancellor - Legal Information System. Published by the Austrian Government. Official site with full text of laws in the vernacular, but no official pagination. It provides federal law, law of the individual states, Parliamentary materials and Constitutional and Administrative Court decisions. RIS offers former versions of laws: fill in the wanted date in the field "Fassung vom."
- RDB Die Rechtsdatenbank: A fee-based database providing full texts of laws, codes, decisions of all supreme courts and appellate courts, and legal literature. This unique feature makes RDB essential for legal research in any domain of Austria's law.
- Juridat: Links to the Official Gazette (Moniteur Belge), Cour de Cassation - Supreme Court and other domestic courts; laws (searchable), and consolidated legislation (searchable).
- Justel, Judoc, E-justice (different names for the same
database)
Full-text databases of laws and cases. Can be reached via http:// www.juridat.be the offiicial website of the Belgian Courts; www.just.fgov.be -- the website of the Federal Justice Department; and www.cass.be -- the Supreme Court. - Official Gazette--Staatsblad-- Moniteur Belge
Published daily on the website of the Federal Justice Department (formerly the Ministry of Justice). - BelgiumLex is a portal giving an overview of all governmental legal databases, pointing to the various databases from the Justice Department, the Parliament and the highest courts. It points to new databases like Reflex from the Council of State. Reflex is a legislation database without full text, but providing the complete history of every article of a law in all its details. To get to the full text, links are established between Reflex and the Juridat Consolidated Legislation database. This idea of linking the various governmental databases is an important feature of BelgiumLex.
- Presidency of the Republic makes available the full text of several codes. The original text is shown in black, altered provisions in blue, revoked provisions in green, and added provisions in red.
- The new Civil Code, Law no. 10.406; LEI Nº 11.698, DE 13 DE JUNHO DE 2008.
- Código de Processo Civil
- The Federal Official Gazette
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.
- CANLII: A database in the field of public and free distribution of primary legal material. Canada's main source of free access to primary legal materials.
- LexisNexis Quicklaw. Canadian Legal Materials. Fee-based database. IP access for NYU law students.
- Carswell/Westlaw: Canadian materials including the Abridgement, are now on Westlaw. Contains all cases, the Canadian Encyclopedic Digest, the Abridgment, Journals & Periodicals, Cases - Including the Abridgement, Legislation & Regulations, Current Awareness, Texts & Treatises, by Practice Area. This is the path in Westlaw: All Databases > International/ Worldwide Materials > North America > Regional Materials. It is called the LawSource. A password to Westlaw is required.
- Lexis: Fee-based. Contains consolidated statutes and consolidated regulations, case law, commentaries and treatises, treaties and international agreements.
4.8. Central and Eastern Europe
- ecoi.net provides up-to-date and publicly available country of origin information with a special focus on the needs of asylum lawyers, refugee counsels and persons deciding on claims for asylum and other forms of international protection. A comprehensive search tool and country pages facilitate access to information relevant for the decision making process.
- Slavic Research Center -- Slavic-Eurasian Studies Web: Housed at Hokkaido University, contains resources for Russian studies and post-Soviet countries resources for East European Studies in English and Japanese. See Slavic Eurasian Studies.
- Civil code of 2000: Vernacular.
- Diario Oficial: Fee based.
- LEGIS: Contains links to full-text primary materials. Vernacular.
- The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade --The Inter-American Database: Vernacular and English translations. IP access.
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.
- Parliament of the Czech Republic: Contains laws in vernacular, all Constitutions from 1918 to 1993, parliamentary debates by sessions, Documents of the Chamber of Deputies.
- Ministry of Interior page has laws accessible online in PDF from 1945 onwards.
- Lexgalaxy, ASPI, LexData, and Codexis. Fee-based. They contain consolidated laws and most of the available case law.
- www.lovtidende.dk: The official versions of new statutory laws appear in the official journal Lovtidende A (1871- ).
- www.retsinformation.dk: Contains all Danish rules and regulations.
- www.juraportal.dk: The main gateway to legal information resources. The site provides an overview as well as instructions in researching Danish legal resources. Maintained by the Faculty of law, University of Copenhagen, contains an updated list of some (unofficial) translated Danish statutes.
- Retsinformation: Provides access to written statutory and regulatory legal sources.
- Legislation and codes at Red de Información Jurídica.
- Codigo Civil: Vernacular.
- GLIN: Global Legal Information Network (Law Library of Congress): Offers searchable English-language abstracts of laws, decrees and regulations issued primarily from January 1976 to the present for Latin American countries.
- The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade --The Inter-American Database. IP access.
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.
- GLIN: Global Legal Information Network (Law Library of Congress)
- The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade --The Inter-American Database. IP access.
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access
- Europa: The official Web site of the European Union. It provides access to official EU documents. See Europa’s list of databases.
- EurLex: The portal to European law; free legal database maintained by the European Commission that contains the most current EU legal information, the full-text of treaties, legislation, court decisions, and other official documents. Consolidated versions of legislation are also available.
- Directory of Legislation in Force.
- PreLex: Contains the documents issued at each step of the legislative process.
- LexisNexis: EUR-Lex European Union Cases, European Court of Justice Cases Selected By Butterworth, European Court Cases Selected By Butterworths, EC Decisions Relating to Competition, Human Rights Cases, Legislation & Regulations, Commentaries & Treatises, Treaties & International Agreements. Fee-based database.
- Lawtel EU: Legal database with fast, easy, intuitive access to the law. Offers a unique range of information from case law to legislation.
- Westlaw: Cases, Legislation, Official Journal C Series, Treaties, Preparatory Acts, Cases, Legislation & Regulations, Current Awareness, Journals & Periodicals, By Practice Area. Fee-based database.
- Legifrance: The governmental portal to French law on the Internet, with a very user-friendly access to the legislation, regulations and case law, directly or through many links to other public websites such as the Parliament, the Court of Appeal or the State Council. Translation of French acts is one of the features of Legifrance. The Civil Code in English as well as the Code of Civil Procedure.
- EDITIONS DALLOZ Fee based database of codes, legal journals, encyclopedias, legal commentaries, cases (all courts). The Dalloz Jurisprudence, the codes, legal journals (Recueil Dalloz from 1990-, AJDA, Recueil Lebon etc) and the repertoires are linked to the chosen subject and open to subscribers. The Encyclopédie Juridique Dalloz contains eleven Répertoires : Encyclopédie des collectivités locales, Répertoire de contentieux administrative, Répertoire de droit civil, Répertoire de droit commercial, Répertoire de droit des sociétés, Répertoire de droit du travail, Répertoire de droit immobilier, Répertoire de droit pénal et de procédure pénale, Répertoire de la responsabilité de la puissance publique, Répertoire de procédure civile. IP access.
- Lexbase, l'editeur juridique: codes, laws, cases hard to find. Fee-based.
- Le Journaux officiels: Summaries for the last five days. The site makes available a graphic reproduction of the Lois and Decretes (TIFF images). From 1998 Journal Officiel (Official Journal) could be found in Legifrance. Try also Recherches dans le Journal Officiel de la République Française.
- JurisClasseur LexisNexis Editions du Juris-Classeur. Fee-based; IP access.
- Service-Public.fr: Administrative database. The official gateway to the French civil service. The site has practical guides classified by theme, a civil service directory and public web sites directories, links to texts of laws, and public reports. Interfaces in German, English, and Spanish.
4.16. Germany
- Juris: Das Juristische Information system fur die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Laws, codes, cases, articles. Fee-based database. It covers federal and state laws, rules and regulations, EU law, case law, journal articles, press announcements on high court decisions, industrial bargaining agreements, and technology law. It holds also previous versions of federal laws and ordinances.
- Beck-online: Fee-based legal database service. Contains federal laws, statutes and ordinances, state laws, older versions of laws.
- Das Deutsche Bundesrecht: Fee-based. It offers coverage of current federal laws, based on Bundesgesetzblatt I, as well as select ordinances.
- LexisNexis Recht: Covers federal law, a wide selection of EU laws, and laws of the 16 federal states.
- Makrolog - Recht für Deutschland: Fee-based. Consolidated federal statutes.
- Legios: Contains German federal and state statutes. Fee-based.
- German Federal Government and Gesetze im Internet (Statutes on the Internet): Online major laws. Free access. Also included English translation of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch).
- German Law in English: German Law Archive contains selected civil law statutes in English.
- Acts of Parliament (1996-present) and Statutory Instruments (1997-present)
- Butterworths Direct: Full text of statutes, laws, and jurisprudence. Fee based database.
- BOPCRIS, the British Official Publications Collaborative Reader Information Service: You can use this web site to search and browse information from British Official Publications over the period 1688-1995.
- British and Irish Legal Information Institute: Comprehensive access to freely available British and Irish public legal information. Includes cases and legislations.
- Lawtel: Legal database with fast, easy, intuitive access to the law. Offers a unique range of information from case law to legislation. IP access.
- Lexis: ENGGEN--STATIS. UK--STATIS. CODES--UKCODE. INTLAW--ENGLAW Current General Public Acts and Statutory Instruments of England and Wales.
- Westlaw: Statues and Statutory Instruments. All Databases > Topical Materials by Area of Practice International Law (see also International/Worldwide Materials) > Laws by Country > United Kingdom.
- The UK Statute Law Database: The UK Statute Law Database (SLD) is the official revised edition of the primary legislation of the United Kingdom. The content of SLD is available for private use free of charge, but please see the Crown Copyright notice.
- Laws of Hong Kong and the Legislation Database: Up-to-date legislation.
- The Government Gazette: Laws, orders, regulations, rules, and ordinances.
- Westlaw: All Cases, Case Digests, All Materials, Cases, Legislation & Regulations, News & Business, Texts & Periodicals.
- INCODIS: India Code Information System is the official database of the Government of India. Contains all statutes enacted by the Parliament. Relevant precedents and amendments are retrieved in an up-to-date form.
- JUDIS: The Judgment Information System is a combination of fee based and free of charge. JUDIS contains all reportable judgments of the Supreme Court of India and other regional courts from 1950 to the present (online and CD-ROM). JUDIS contains Acts and Headnotes for the judgments delivered up to 1993 only. From 1994 onwards the judgments do not have Acts and Headnotes.
- Manupatra: IP access. Resources for legal, tax and regulatory issues in India. Contains full-text cases (pdf), legislation, rules, ordinances, circulars, treaties, forms, practice directions, etc.
- The Legal Information Institute of India (LII of India)
- SCC Online Web Edition: Fee-based; IP access. This is a comprehensive database of laws, consolidated laws, cases, and articles. Contains also cases from Bangladesh courts, Singapore (LawNet), and West Africa.
- The Knesset: Selected Parliament Acts. The Existing Basic Laws and Summary of the Laws. Full texts of Basic Laws that are in the Process of Enactment.
- Israeli Supreme Court: Cases in Hebrew and English.
- Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Treaties, bilateral agreements
- Takdin : Israel's Prime Legal Database Provides access to case laws and legislations mainly in Hebrew. However, in many cases a court verdict or legislation might include a citation from a law or ruling in English. IP access. Indexes available for free.
- Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure (2002): Vernacular.
- Italian Parliament: Laws from 1996-present.
- Corte Costituzionale: Testi normativi, Costituzione della Repubblica italiana, Leggi costituzionali, Le fonti di disciplina della Corte costituzionale e delle sue funzioni. See also Decisioni della Corte Costituzionale .
- Corte Suprema di Cassazione (Supreme Court): Fee-based database. The library doesn't have a subscription. See the library's collection policy. Contains laws, decrees, normative acts, cases.
- Code of Civil Procedure [Searchable]: Text in English of only Art. 1 to 38 (On japanlaw.co.jp)
- Other English translations of Japanese Laws: Acts, court procedure, etc.
- Supreme Court of Japan: Cases in Japanese and English.
- LAWnB is one of the most reputable database service companies. It comprises complete statutes, recently revised laws, proposed bills, treaties, legal terminology, and cases of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and other lower courts.
- South Korean Law Research on the Internet: this is probably the most useful website, which provides the general explanation and detailed legal resources for Korean legal research in English as well as A Research Guide and a bibliography for Korean Legal Resources in English.
- Institute for Legal Studies (Instituto de Investigaciones Juridicas, UNAM): The site offers a comprehensive collection of primary and secondary materials. The materials are in Spanish and are updated on a regular basis.
- Lexis: Fee-based. Leyes Federales - Federal laws. Updated monthly.
- The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade --The Inter-American Database. IP access. The site has laws, regulations, decrees, standards and secondary resources. It also has access to the “Diario Oficial” on a daily basis.
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access
- Rechtspraak.nl: An excellent source for laws, cases, and administrative decisions. This is the official Dutch judiciary site. The database is the electronic information desk through which the judicial authorities inform citizens, the academic community and the press about important court rulings, topical matters, and additional functions of the judiciary. Services expanded with Mijn Rechtspraak (My Judiciary) that gives the user the ability to receive faster overviews rulings. Vernacular. An English interface was added.
- Overheid.nl: Legislation and cases in vernacular.
- The Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek): Vernacular.
- Australasian Legal Information Institute/NZLII: Law, legislation, and courts. Full-text primary and secondary legal resources.
- Knowledge Basket: Contains all Acts of New Zealand. The Acts database can be browsed for free (Acts only not Bills) or searched using Verity Topic for a fee.
- LINX: Contains New Zealand case law, journal articles and textbooks from 1986 - to the present. There are some cases that date back to 1983. The most comprehensive coverage of New Zealand case law & commentary.
- New Zealand Legislation: Free access to legislation (not official). Free online access to up-to-date electronic versions of Acts and Statutory Regulations. The website offers a basic, searchable, unofficial electronic access to New Zealand legislation. It will be replaced by a more comprehensive database, which will include Bills before Parliament, early next year. The site allows users to navigate through Statutes, Regulations, and linked legislation references. Users can search for selected words or phrases, or specific pieces of legislation by name or section number.
4.27. People’s Republic of China
- LawInfoChina: Developed by the Legal Information Center of Peking University Law School. Its retrieval system comes in two versions-English and Chinese-both of which can be accessed via its website. Contains the full text versions of laws and regulations.
- China Law & Practice: Via Proquest, 2002-; via Thomson Gale (Bobst). The printed publication is known as "Asia Law and Practice". Publishes news, a law digest, business law bulletins, archives, and lists of events. Online from 2002- IP access.
- China Law Reference Service Online: JustChina delivers business intelligence
information covering the Greater China (Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan) market. This
type of information includes industrial and market research reports, company profiles,
biographies, charts, maps, business guidebooks and handbooks, etc. All the crucial
information that you need to make informed and timely business decisions related to
China.
- Lawyee: Chinese caselaw database in vernacular. Fee-based.
- Lawdata Taiwan: A law database in Chinese language. IP based access.
- Biblioteca Electronica Legal Teleley: Contains the Constitution, all codes, laws, decrees, and legal commentaries. In the vernacular. The library does not have a subscription. See the library's collection policy.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade --The Inter-American Database.IP access.
- Peru's National Digital Law Collection
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.
- DSCLEX: Full text database of Romanian Legislation. A combination of fee-based and free of charge. Selective Acts of the Supreme Court of Justice, a list of repealed acts, rules, and regulations as being published in the Official Journal, Monitorul Oficial. Codes (see Codul Civil) and laws from 1998 to the present are available. Vernacular and a selective interface with laws in English. (User registration required).
- INDACO: Contains the LegeStart service. It provides more than 37000 documents in full-text: laws, decrees, regulations. A combination of fee-based and free access. Vernacular.
- The Ministry of Justice: Its Portal LexExpert contains laws from 1863 to present and jurisprudence (cases) by courts (Constitutional Court, city courts, regional courts, etc) and by topics of law in the vernacular. See Jurindex - indexul jurisprudenţei naţionale and Portalul de legislaţie http://legislatie.just.ro/
- Monitorul Oficial (Official Gazette).
- The Civil Code (Romanian)
- The Code of Civil Procedure (Romanian)
4.30. Russian and Former Soviet Republics
- The Constitutional Court Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации. See also some translations of the names of all of the Court Rulings here.
- The Supreme Court
- ISI Emerging Markets: Fee-based. Go to Legal - English. On the left column you have access to Garant and Kodeks. IP access.
- Kodeks: Comprehensive database of Russian laws and legal documents. Fee-based.
- Polity and SA Government: South African Legislation. Full text of laws and regulations.
- JUTASTAT: Fee-based database. Contains the English Reports 1260 – 1865 ; Juta’s Daily Law Reports ; S A Law Reports 1947 to date; Index & Ann. to the SA Law Reports ; Digest of S A Law; S A Statutes & Regulations ; S A Appellate Division; S A Environmental Legislation ; S A Criminal Law Reports ; S A Tax Library; Case Law of Zimbabwe ; Botswana Law Reports ; Statutes of Zimbabwe; Tanzania Law Reports; Zambia Law Reports ; Namibian Law Reports; Laws of Jamaica, and many others.
- VLex Access to legal journals, to BOE-Boletín Oficial del Estado (the Official Journal is free of charge), codes, full text legislation from 1998-. IP access.
- JurisWeb: Contains legislation, the Civil Code, jurisprudence, and articles. Vernacular. Look under Legislación española
- Spanish Official Gazette (Boletín Oficial del Estado). Free access since 1995
- Swedish Government: Swedish legislation translated into English.
- Lagrummet: Official gateway to Swedish legal information. The portal has links to legal sources provided by the government, parliament, courts and government agencies.
- Dokument. Sveriges riksdag: Swedish Parliament. Full text of the Swedish Codes and Statutes.
- Notisum: Gateway to statutes and cases. Some content is provided free of cost.
- Norstedts Juridik: Contains full text of statutes, reports of cases, texts analysing and commenting on major codes of law.
- Systematische Sammlung des Bundesrechts --Recueil Systematique du Droit Federal: Systematic compendium of Swiss federal law. Official site of the Swiss Government. Contains the Civil code and the Code of Civil Procedure. Planned to contain all federal laws with a search engine searching by law number. Texts can be viewed in html format or in pdf format (readable with acrobat reader) having the original structure and pagination. The database contains the Constitution, laws, and ordinances in French, German, and Italian.
- Swisslex-Westlaw: Full text database of laws, jurisprudence, legal literature. Fee-based.
- Schweizerisches Zivilprozessrecht: This webpage links to all Swiss Cantons' Codes of Civil Procedure. The Swiss Civil Procedure –Das Schweizerische Zivilprozessrecht -- is often governed by the Canton where the law suit is taking place.
- Poder Legislativo: A Government database. Contains laws, the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure. Vernacular. Use the search engine to find the codes. The Congress -- Parlamento -- provides free access to all laws enacted since 1935, legislative procedures, and other relevant legislative information. All codes and laws can be accessed here.
- The Civil Code
- VLex Access to legal journals, the Official Gazette, codes, full text legislation, cases. IP access.