UPDATE: Scottish Legal History: A
Research Guide
By Yasmin Morais
Yasmin Morais is Cataloging Librarian at
the Mason Law Library, University of the District of Columbia. She was
previously Resident Librarian at the Georgetown Law Library. Yasmin obtained
her MSc in International Relations from the University of the West Indies
(Mona) and her MLIS from the University of Toronto. Her research interests
include Caribbean jurisprudence, information literacy and information policy.
Published April 2010
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Scottish Legal History: An Overview
2.1. The Development of the Courts
(a) Central Criminal Courts
(b) Central Civil Courts
2.2. Establishment of the Early
Scottish Parliament
3. Primary
Sources
3.1.
Early
Treatises
4. Secondary
Sources
4.1.
General
Texts
4.2.
Journals
5. The Scottish Parliament
6. Courts
and Court Records
6.1. Baron Baillie Court
6.2. Court of Session
6.3. High Court of Justiciary
6.4. House of Lords
6.5. Sheriff Court
7. Abridgments,
Commentaries, Dictionaries and Digests
8. Trials
9. Electronic
Resources
10. Reports
1. Introduction
This
research guide was created to assist with research on Scottish legal history.
The guide covers the feudal period through 1901 and highlights the pre-eminent
print and electronic resources which are useful for research in this area.
Annotations are provided for some of the resources. This guide is adapted from
the author’s research guide created for the Georgetown Law Library, (http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/guides/scottishlegalhistory.cfm).
2. Scottish Legal
History: An Overview
Legal historians tend to
focus on the development of the Scottish legal system from the feudal period
onward, since little is known about Scottish law prior to A.D. 1000. Early
Scottish law can be described as an amalgam of Celtic, British, Norse, and
Anglo-Saxon laws and customs, with various geographical regions experiencing
one or more these influences. For example, Celtic customs were more pronounced
in the Gaelic Highlands, whereas on the outlying islands, Norse law and customs
were the direct result of previous Scandinavian occupation. The Norman Conquest
of England in 1066, and the marriage of Malcolm III to Margaret in 1070,
contributed to Anglo-Saxon influence on the Scottish church and state.
By the twelfth century, the
feudal system was introduced into Scotland. It was a decentralized social and
economic system of government and land tenure. This system eventually developed
into the parliamentum or court of law, and led to the
establishment of the Curia Regis
or great council, based on the English model. Some of the offices and
institutions which were created as a result of the feudal monarchy under David
I include the justiciar or justice-general, the king's delegate for
administration; Iudices, or
royal officers who were attached to a province; sheriffs, who maintained order
and collected revenue in the king's name; and barons and bailies. Two very
important sources of Scottish law which developed around this period are the Regiam Majestatem
and the Quoniam
Attachiamenta. The Regiam
Majestatem, considered the chief source of
Scottish-Norman law, is derived from early Scottish statutes, and from Roman,
canon and the common law of Scotland. It was possibly compiled around 1285. The
Quoniam Attachiamenta,
containing forms, styles and other practice materials, was written around the
fourteenth century and served as a practice manual to the feudal courts.
2.1. The Development of the Courts
Various court systems
also developed over this period. These included:
- Guild Merchants and Burgh Courts. The guild courts had
jurisdiction primarily over buildings, streets and nuisances, while each
burgh established courts to enforce its own regulations and settle
disputes. Burghs, usually located near a royal castle, began to develop as
economic organizations and functioned as market centers for the
sheriffdoms. The original four burghs were Berwick, Roxburgh, Edinburgh
and Stirling, and their operations led to the emergence of the Leges Quatuor Burgorum, a
compilation of municipal regulations
- Barony and Regalty Courts. These were presided over by the baron or his
bailie, or both, or by two bailies. This court's civil jurisdiction
extended to debt possession, lawburrows, breach of arrestment, bloodwite
and deforcement. It also had criminal jurisdiction in theft and slaughter.
- Sheriff Courts. The sheriff court was originally held at the
castle. Head courts were held 3 times per year, with lesser courts meeting
more infrequently. The sheriff presided over the court and administered
both civil and criminal justice.
- Ecclesiastical Courts. From around 1192, dioceses of the Scottish Kingdom
were recognized by the Pope as exempt from metropolitan authority, and
prior to the Reformation bishops in these dioceses each had their own
consistorial courts. These dioceses undertook judicial functions and
compiled ecclesiastical statutes which were used at the provincial and
diocesan levels. Bishops and abbots were influential in government and the
canon law of the Roman church as introduced, resulting in the influence of
Roman law on the Scottish legal system. Ecclesiastical tribunals were led
by judges-delegate, and dealt mainly with matrimonial cases, but also with
criminal and civil issues, with appeals and final decisions considered by
Rome. Following the Reformation, the Court of Session during the period
1560-1563 assumed responsibility for consistorial cases and other issues
previously determined by the ecclesiastical tribunals. The Reformation
period also ushered in the Presbyterian Kirk Sessions or consistorial
courts, throughout Scotland.
(a)
Central Criminal Courts
The justiciar, or office
of the justice-general, had its beginnings during the reign of David (1124-53).
Initially, two Justiciars were appointed as the king's delegates to administer
justice in civil and criminal matters. Later, a third justiciar was appointed
to deal with civil and criminal cases not under the jurisdiction of the king's
court. Justiciars were usually important noblemen, and over time, the number of
justiciars increased. Eventually, the office of justice-general was made
hereditary until around 1836, when it was merged with the office of Lord
President of the Court of Session. Reform of the supreme criminal court
eventually led to the institution of the High Court of Justiciary in 1672.
(b)
Central Civil Courts
The Court of Session,
which could be considered the brainchild of James I (1406-37), evolved because
of attempts at court reform and the need to determine complaints and causes.
After several modifications in the structure and operation of the court, by
around 1450, the king chose persons from three Estates, who with the chancellor
were to hold three sessions per year. By 1456 the Estates chose nine judges,
appointed by the General Council, with each Estate having three judges who
would sit in three sections, hearing and deciding cases. The Reformation led to
the decline of Roman law influence, with the Court of Session determining
matters previously administered by the ecclesiastical tribunals. Parliament also
annulled all laws, acts and constitutions which were considered in opposition
to the reformed religion.
2.2. Establishment of the Early Scottish Parliament
The Scottish parliament,
unicameral in structure, was established in the early thirteenth century and
served as both a court of first instance and as a court of appeal. Parliament
had jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. Judicial authority rested with
the entire parliament, but later committees became functional and exercised
authority. Unlike the English parliament, which was based on the principal of
bicameralism, the Scottish parliament was particularly susceptible to
monarchical influence.
After several aborted
efforts to form a union of the parliaments of Scotland and England, further
attempts were made after 1689. Some of the thorny issues included English
objection to free trade between the two countries, the question of succession
to the English throne, taxation, jurisdiction of the Scottish courts and the
number of Scottish representatives in the new Parliament of Great Britain. As a
result of the joint commission meeting in April 1706, there was agreement on
three key issues: 1) an incorporating union; 2) English guarantee of complete
free trade; and 3) Scottish agreement to recognize the Electress of Hanover and
her heirs as Protestants and successors to Queen Anne, the Queen of Scotland.
Scotland ratified the articles of union in January 1707, and the English
Parliament ratified them in March of 1707. On May 1, 1707, the treaty entered
into force. The Treaty of Union stipulated the continuance of Scottish law and
courts. It also called for the establishment of a Court of Exchequer in
Scotland to decide revenue issues.
References
Walker, David M. A Legal History of Scotland. Edinburgh:
W. Green, 1988-2004.
Walker, David M. The Scottish Legal System: An Introduction
to the Study of Scots Law. Edinburgh: W. Green, 2001.
3. Primary Sources
- Dundas, John. A
Summary View of the Feudal Law: With the Differences of the Scots Law From
It; Together with a Dictionary of the Select Terms of the Scots and
English Law, By Way of An Appendix. Edinburgh: 1710.
- Hume, David. Decisions
of the Court of Session, 1781-1822, in the Form of a Dictionary. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood and Sons, 1839.
- Mackenzie, George. Observations on the Acts of Parliament: Made by King James the
First, King James Second, King James the Third, Queen Mary, King James the
Sixth, King Charles the First and King Charles ll. Edinburgh, 1687.
- Scotland. The
Laws and Acts of Parliament Made by the Most Excellent and Mighty King and
Monarch James, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, & c. Edinburgh: Andrew Anderson,
1674.
- Skene, John. Regiam Majestatem. The Auld Lawes and Constitutions of
Scotland [1004-1400]. Edinburgh: John Wood, 1609. There is also a 1774
edition.
- Stair Society. Regiam
Majestatem and Quoniam Attachiamenta, based on the text of Sir John Skene.
Edinburgh, 1947.
3.1.
Early Treatises
- Adam, William. A
Practical Treatise and Observations on Trial by Jury in Civil Causes, As
Now Incorporated with the Jurisdiction of the Court of Session. Edinburgh:
Thomas Clark, 1836.
- Bell, Robert. A
Treatise on the Election Laws, As They Relate to the Representation of
Scotland in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland. Edinburgh: George Ramsay and Company, 1812. This is
available electronically through the Making of Modern Law database.
- Burnett, John. A
Treatise on Various Branches of the Criminal Law of Scotland. Edinburgh:
George Ramsay and Company, 1811. Also available through the Making of
Modern Law database.
- Connell, John. A
Treatise on the Law of Scotland, Respecting the Erection, Union, and
Disjunction of Parishes; the Manses and Glebes of the Parochial Clergy,
and the Patronage of the Churches. Edinburgh: Peter Hill and Company,
1818. Also
available through the Making of Modern Law database.
- Forbes, William. A
Treatise of Church-Lands and Tithes. In Two Parts. Edinburgh: Andrew
Anderson, 1705.
- Forbes, William. A
Methodical Treatise Concerning Bills of Exchange: Wherein is an Account of
the Life and Progress of Exchange. Edinburgh: J. Mosman, et al, 1718.
- Fraser, Patrick. A
Treatise on the Law of Scotland: As Applicable to the Personal and Domestic
Relations: Comprising Husband and Wife, Parent and Child, Guardian and
Ward, Master and Servant. Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1846. Also
available through the Making of Modern Law database.
- Glen, William. A
Treatise on the Law of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, and Letters of
Credit in Scotland. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, 1807.
Also available through the Making of Modern Law database.
- Hutcheson, Gilbert. Treatise on the Offices of Justice of the Peace; Constable;
Commissioner of Supply; and Commissioner under Comprehending Acts, in
Scotland; with Occasional Observations Upon Other Municipal Jurisdictions.
Edinburgh: William Creech, 1809. Also available through the
Making of Modern Law database.
- Mackenzie, James. A
Treatise Concerning the Origin and Progress of Fees: Or, the Constitution
and Transmission of Heritable Rights. Edinburgh: Gideon Crawford,
1761.
- Sandford, Erskine Douglas. A Treatise on the History and Law of Entails in Scotland. Edinburgh:
James Ballantyne and Company, 1822. Also available through the Making of
Modern Law database.
4. Secondary Sources
4.1. General Texts
Listed
below is a selection of good secondary sources for Scottish legal history.
- Cowan, Edward J. "For
Freedom Alone": The Declaration of Arbroath, 1320. East Lothian: Tuckwell
Press, 2003.
- Farmer, Lindsay. Criminal
Law, Tradition and Legal Order: Crime and the Genius of Scots Law, 1747 to
the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
- Ferguson, Paul Craig. Medieval Papal Representatives in Scotland: Legates, Nuncios and
Judges-Delegate, 1125-1286. Edinburgh: Stair Society, 1997
- Ford, J.D. Law
and Opinion in Scotland During the Seventeenth Century. Oxford: Hart,
2007.
- Kiralfy, Albert & MacQueen, Hector L. (eds.). New Perspectives in Scottish Legal
History. London: Frank Cass, 1984.
- MacQueen, Hector L. Common Law
and Feudal Society in Medieval Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 1993.
- Mitchison, Rosalind. The Old
Poor Law in Scotland: The Experience of Poverty, 1574-1845. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
- Neville, Cynthia J. Violence, Custom and Law: The Anglo-Scottish Border Lands in the
Later Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998.
- Pryde, George S. The
Treaty of Union of Scotland and England, 1707. Greenwood Press, 1979.
- Styles, Scott Crichton. The Scottish Legal Tradition. Edinburgh: The Stair Society,
1991.
- Walker, David M. A
Legal History of Scotland. Edinburgh: W. Green, 1988-2004. This
multi-volume work is considered one of the most authoritative resources on
Scottish legal history.
- Walker, David M. The
Scottish Legal System: An Introduction to the Study of Scotts Law. Edinburgh:
W. Green, 2001.
4.2.
Journals
· Journal of Scottish
Historical Studies.
· Scots Law Times. Available on Westlaw.
Coverage from 1893.
· Scottish Historical
Review.
· Scottish Law Journal and
Sheriff Court Record, 1858-61
5. The Scottish Parliament
- Cobbett, William. Cobbett’s
Parliamentary History of England From the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the
Year 1803, From Which Last-Mentioned Epoch It Is Continued Downwards in
the Work Entitled “Cobbett’s Parliamentary Debates”. London: T.C.
Hansard, 1806-1820. Multi-volume work. Appendix 1 through to volume 6
contain proceedings of the Scottish Parliament from 1703 to union with
England in 1707.
- Lord Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury. General Index to the Acts of the
Parliaments of Scotland, to Which is Prefixed a Supplement to the Acts.
Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1875. Two-part resource.
- MacIntosh, Gillian H. The Scottish Parliament Under Charles II, 1660-1685. Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
- Records Commission of Great Britain. The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
[1707].. This is a ten-volume set.
- Terry, Charles Sanford. The Scottish Parliament: Its Constitution and Procedure, 1603-1707.
Glasgow: J. MacLehose and Sons, 1905. Available electronically through the
Making of Modern Law database.
6. Courts
and Court Records
6.1.
Baron Baillie Court
- Brown, Andrew. Judicial
Proceedings Before the Baron Bailie Courts: With the Style of Summons's
[sic], &c.,Usually Practised, and Observations in Law Connected Therewith.
Muthill: Pitkellony Private Press, 1816. Also available through the Making
of Modern Law database.
- Stitchill Baron Court. Records of the Baron Court of Stichill, 1655-1807. Edinburgh: T.
& A. Constable, 1905. Available through the Making of Modern Law
database.
6.2. Court of Session
- Deas, George & Anderson, James. Cases Decided in the Court of Session,
Jury Court, and High Court of Justiciary, from March 13 [1829] to
[September 8, 1832]. Edinburgh: Stirling & Kenney, 1829-33. This
is a multi-volume set.
- Gibson, Alexander. The Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, in Most Cases
of Importance, Debated and Brought Before Them; From July 1621 to July
1642. Edinburgh: Stewart & Tennent, 1690.
- Dalrymple, Hew. Decisions
of the Court of Session: From [1698-1718]. Edinburgh: Gavin Hamilton
& John Balfour, 1758.
- MacFarlane, Robert. The Practice of the Court of Session in Jury Causes. Edinburgh:
Andrew Shortrede, 1837. Also available through Making of Modern Law
database.
- Morison, William Maxwell. The Decisions of the Court of Session from Its First Institution
to the Present Time, Digested Under Proper Heads, in the Form of a Dictionary.
Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute, 1801-1808. This is a multi-volume set.
- Scotland. Court of Session. Cases Decided in the Court of Session. Edinburgh: Thomas
Clark, 1834. This multi-volume set is also called First Series and covers
the period 1821-1832.
- Scotland. Court of Session. Cases Decided in the Court of Session. Edinburgh: Thomas
Clark, 1839-1847. This multi-volume set is also called Second Series and
coverage is from 1838-1848.
6.3. High Court of Justiciary
- Dreghorn, John Maclaurin. Arguments, and Decisions in Remarkable Cases, Before the High
Court of Justiciary, and Other Supreme Courts in Scotland. Edinburgh: J.
Bell, 1774.
- Edinburgh Justiciary Court. The Records of the Proceedings of the Justiciary Court, Edinburgh,
1661-1678. Edinburgh: T. & A. Constable, 1905.
- Louthian, John. The
Form of Process Before the Court of Justiciary in Scotland; Containing the
Constitution of the Sovereign Criminal Court, and the Way and Manner of
Their Procedure. Edinburgh: Robert Fleming & Company, 1732.
6.4. House of Lords
- Bell, Sydney Smith. Cases Decided in the House of Lords, on Appeal from the Courts of
Scotland. 4 and 5 Victoriae, Session of Parliament 1842-[1850].
Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1843-52. Multi-volume set.
- Craigie, John, et al. Reports of Cases Decided in the House of Lords, Upon Appeal from
Scotland, From 1726-[1822]. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1849-56. Multi-volume
set.
- Macqueen, John Fraser. Reports of Scotch Appeals and Writs of Error, Together with
Peerage, Divorce and Practice Cases in the House of Lords [1847-1865].
Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1855-1866. Multi-volume set.
- Paterson, James. Reports
of Scotch Appeals in the House of Lords A.D. 1851 to 1873, with Tables of
All the Cases Cited, Notes, and Copious Index. Edinburgh: T. & T.
Clark, 1879. Two volumes.
6.5. Sheriff Court
- Acts of
Parliament Relating to Sheriff Court Practice: With Illustrations from
Decisions of the Supreme Courts, and Occasional Notes: Also An Appendix Containing Recent Statutes and Acts of Sederunt,
Including the Act of Sederunt with Relative Forms Under the Employers and
Workmen Act, 1875. Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute, 1876. Available
through Making of Modern Law database.
- The Scottish
Law Review and Reports of Cases in the Sheriff Courts of Scotland. Glasgow: W. Hodge &
Co., 1885-1963. Multi-volume set.
- Lees, John M. Sheriff
Court Styles Arranged in Dictionary Form: With Notes and Authorities. Edinburgh:
Bell & Bradfute, 1892. Available through Making of Modern Law
database.
- Lees, John M. A
Handbook of Written and Oral Pleading in the Sheriff Court. Edinburgh:
William Hodge, 1920. Available through Making of Modern Law database.
- Lewis, W. J. Synopsis
of Sheriff Court Practice, Civil and Criminal. Edinburgh: Bell &
Bradfute, 1887. Available through Making of Modern Law database.
- Scots Law Times. Sheriff
Court Reports. Edinburgh: W. Green & Son, Ltd., 1893. Multi-volume
set.
7.
Abridgments, Commentaries, Dictionaries and Digests
- Angus, John W. A
Dictionary of Crimes and Offences According to the Law of Scotland with
Notes Referential, Explanatory, and Illustrative of the Same. Edinburgh:
W. Green & Sons, 1904. Available through Making of Modern Law
database.
- Bell, George Joseph. Commentaries on the Laws of Scotland, and on the Principles of
Mercantile Jurisprudence. London: Butterworths, 1989. Two-volume set.
Several editions also available through the Making of Modern Law database.
- Bell, Robert D. Dictionary
of the Law of Scotland (3rd ed.) Edinburgh: John Anderson & Co.,
1826. 2 volume set. Also available through Making of
Modern Law database.
- Elchies, Patrick Grant. Decisions of the Court of Sessions, From the Year 1733 to 1754,
Collected and Digested Into the Form of a Dictionary. Edinburgh:
William Maxwell Morison, 1813.
- Gouldesbrough, Peter. Formulary of Old Scots Legal Documents. Edinburgh: Stair
Society, 1985.
- Henderson, A. Edward. An Analytical Digest of Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of
Scotland and on Appeal by the House of Lords From July 20, 1867 to July
20, 1877. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1878.
- Hume, David. Commentaries
on the Law of Scotland, Respecting the Description and Punishment of
Crimes. Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute, 1797.
- Hume, David. Commentaries
on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes. Edinburgh: Bell
& Bradfute, 1800.
- Hume, David. Decisions
of the Court of Session, [1781-1822], in the Form of a Dictionary. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood & Sons, 1839.
- Lamond, Robert Peel. The Scottish Poor Laws: Their History, Policy and Operation. Glasgow:
W. Hodge, 1892. Available through the Making of Modern Law database.
8.
Trials
Below are some useful print resources for researching
ancient trials. Additional electronic resources relating to trials are listed
under section 9, Electronic Resources.
- Arnot, Hugo. A
Collection and Abridgement of Celebrated Criminal Trials in Scotland from
A.D. 1536, to 1784. Glasgow: A. Napier, 1812. Also available
electronically through HeinOnline.
- Arnot, Hugo. A
Collection and Abridgement of Celebrated Criminal Trials in Scotland,
1536-1784: With Historical and Critical Remarks. Edinburgh: W.
Smellie, 1785.
- Green, C. J. Trials
for High Treason, in Scotland, Under a Special Commission, Held at
Stirling, Glasgow, Dumbarton, Paisley, and Ayr in the Year 1820. Edinburgh:
Manners & Miller, 1825.
- Pitcairn, Robert. Ancient
Criminal Trials in Scotland: Compiled from the Original Records. Edinburgh:
Maitland Club, 1833. This is a multi-volume set.
- The Trials of
James, Duncan and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy,
Before the High Court of Justiciary, in the Years 1752, 1753, and 1754. This also contains a memoir
on the highlands and anecdotes of Rob Roy and his family. Edinburgh: J.
Hay & Co., 1818.
9.
Electronic Resources
Although BAILII’s coverage for its Scottish documentation starts
in the 1990s, coverage in its United Kingdom Legislation database starts in
1215. House of Lords decisions date back to 1838. BAILII also has Law
Commission Reports and European Union resources.
o UK Cases Combined (ALLCAS database)
– Covers All England Law Reports Reprints from 1158 when available.
o England and Wales Reported and
Unreported Cases (CASES database). Covers reported cases from 1558 and tax
cases from 1875 and also contains decisions of note from Scotland.
o Scottish Session Cases (SESCAS
database). Coverage starts with 1930.
The Stair Society was established in 1934 to promote the
study of Scots Law. This is an extremely useful site for research, containing a
number of legal history links to additional sites for Scottish legal history
research.
The Scottish Parliament’s website provides useful
information on the early Scottish Parliament and the Treaty of Union.
This is perhaps one of the most important databases for
Scottish legal history research, with links to resources such as the Acts and
Proceedings of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, House of Lords judgments,
parliamentary debates and public acts of parliament.
·
University of Cambridge, British Legal History Guide
·
University of Glasgow
·
University of
Oxford
·
University of St. Andrews. Institute of Scottish
Historical Research.
The University of St. Andrews was founded in 1413 and is
Scotland’s first university. The Institute of Scottish Historical Research is a
very rich site with projects such as the Records of the Parliaments of Scotland
(RPS), [see link above], Scotland and the Wider World, and the Scotland,
Scandinavia and Northern Europe Database.
- Westlaw Below
are some relevant Westlaw Directories:
o United Kingdom Reports All
(UK-RPTS-ALL). Coverage starts with 1865
o Scots Law Times (SLT-RPTS).
Coverage begins with 1893. This database carries full-text decisions from the
Court of Session, High Court of Justiciary and the House of Lords. There are
also selected decisions of Sheriff Courts.
o
United Kingdom
Case Law Locator (UK-CASELOC). Coverage starts with 1865.
o
All Law
Reports (ALL-RPTS). Coverage begins with 1865.
o
United Kingdom
Scots Law Case Locator (UKSCO-CASELOC)
10.
Reports
- Great Britain. Ninth
Report of the Commissioners Appointed for Inquiring into the Duties,
Salaries, Fees and Emoluments of the Several Officers, Clerks and
Ministers of Justice of the Courts of Scotland. London, 1821.
- Great Britain. General
Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the State of
Municipal Corporations in Scotland. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament
by Command of His Majesty. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black, 1835.
- Great Britain. Report
of the Commissioners Appointed by his Majesty's Warrant of the 29th of
July 1823, for Inquiring into the Forms of Process in the Courts of Law in
Scotland and the Course of Appeals from the Court of Session to the House
of Lords. Together with an Appendix in Pursuance of an Act of the Fourth
Year of His Majesty's Reign, c. 85. London, 1824.
- Great Britain. Report
from Her Majesty's Commission for Inquiring into the Administration and
Practical Operation of Poor Laws in Scotland. Edinburgh: Murray &
Gibb, 1844.
- Report of the Commissioners Appointed to
Inquire into the Courts of Law in Scotland: Together with Minutes of
Evidence. Edinburgh:
Murray & Gibb, 1869-1870.
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